Causes may include:

• Coronary artery disease
• High blood pressure
• Arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation)
• Heart valve disease
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congenital heart disease
• Heart defects present since birth (congenital heart disease)
• Diabetes
• Diseases of the heart muscle
• Infection of the heart and/or heart valves
• Past heart attack that caused damage to the heart muscle